While navies use different types of submersible vessels to perform underwater missions, submarines constitute a crucial element of a country’s naval arsenal. Submarines that are armed with strategic nuclear missiles can also act as a credible and continuous nuclear deterrent against adversaries in a war.
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With countries focused on naval expansion and modernisation initiatives in the face of increasing maritime border disputes, the global submarine market is expected to grow by more than 4% a year during 2021-2031, according to estimates by GlobalData.
Finding the best submersibles and submarine manufacturers
Naval Technology has listed some of the leading submersibles and submarine manufacturing companies based on its intel, insights and decades-long experience in the sector.
The list includes nuclear submarine manufacturers and other submarine building companies, along with submarine parts, technology and technical service providers. It also includes suppliers of a wide range of submersibles used in naval missions, from submersible patrol ships and submarine training vessels to unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) such as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs).
The information contained within the download document is useful for defence planners, naval warfare strategists, fleet commanders, senior procurement executives, submarine integrators, maintenance supervisors, and any other individual involved in the acquisition, operation and maintenance of submarines and submersibles.
The download contains detailed information on submersibles and submarine companies and their product lines, alongside contact details to aid your purchasing decision.
Types and uses of submarines
Submarines are self-propelled vessels that are designed to sail undetected beneath the water and equipped with lethal weapons and advanced sensors to perform vital maritime military functions in both offensive and defensive roles.
Submarines can be armed with torpedoes, as well as ballistic, anti-ship and supersonic cruise missiles, projecting a formidable strike force in naval warfare. They can also serve as launch platforms for intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) carrying nuclear warheads.
Naval missions performed by submarines include anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, protecting friendly aircraft carriers, intelligence gathering, special operations, offensive mine mooring and covert tracking of illegal activities, among others.
Naval forces use different types of submarines including, but not limited to:
· Nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs)
· Nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs)
· Diesel-electric submarines (SSKs)
· Diesel-electric air-independent propulsion (AIP) submarines (SSPs), and
· Midget submarines (SSMs)
Advancements in submarine technology
Nuclear propulsion has been the greatest advance in submarine technology, with the major navies having entirely switched to nuclear-propelled submarines that can operate submerged indefinitely and at an impressive high speed.
Along with the effort to maximise the speed, endurance and diving range, nuclear submarine manufacturers are also trying to enhance the stealth capabilities and lower the acoustic signature of submarines by using innovative isolated structures, anechoic coatings and new propulsor designs.
Furthermore, the use of technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) could enable more autonomous and effective submarine operations.
Submarine Manufacturer FAQs
What are submarines used for in naval defence?
Submarines perform a range of vital military missions, including anti-submarine warfare, intelligence gathering, surveillance, and covert operations. They are equipped with advanced sensors and weaponry like torpedoes and missiles, enhancing naval force capabilities in both offensive and defensive roles.
What types of submarines are used by navies?
Navies operate various submarines, including nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs), ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs), diesel-electric submarines (SSKs), and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), each with specialised functions.
How has nuclear propulsion improved submarines?
Nuclear propulsion allows submarines to operate submerged for extended periods, offering greater range, endurance, and speed. This makes them highly effective for long-term deployments and strategic missions.
What advancements have been made in submarine stealth technology?
Modern submarines feature advanced stealth technologies such as isolated structures, anechoic coatings, and improved propulsor designs, all of which minimise noise signatures and enhance undetected operation.
Who uses submarines in naval operations?
Submarines are crucial to naval forces, benefiting defence planners, naval strategists, fleet commanders, and procurement officials. They support a range of missions, from deterrence to offensive warfare strategies.
(See below for more FAQs).
For full details (including contact details) on the leading submarine manufacturers and companies within this space, download the free Buyer’s Guide below:
Frequently asked questions
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What factors should be considered when selecting a submarine supplier?
When choosing a submarine supplier, it's essential to evaluate several critical factors to ensure the procurement aligns with strategic and operational requirements. Firstly, assess the supplier's experience and track record in delivering submarines that meet specific defence needs. Established companies like Naval Group in France and ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems in Germany have extensive histories in submarine manufacturing. Secondly, consider the technological capabilities and innovation the supplier brings. Advanced features such as Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) systems, stealth technology, and enhanced sonar capabilities can significantly impact operational effectiveness. Thirdly, evaluate the supplier's ability to provide through-life support, including maintenance, upgrades, and training. A comprehensive support package ensures sustained operational readiness. Additionally, the potential for technology transfer and local industry involvement can be crucial for countries aiming to develop indigenous capabilities. Finally, consider the total cost of ownership, encompassing acquisition, operation, and decommissioning expenses, to ensure the investment's long-term sustainability.
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How does the integration of advanced technologies enhance submarine capabilities?
The integration of advanced technologies substantially enhances submarine capabilities, making them more effective and versatile in modern naval operations. Implementing Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) systems allows conventional submarines to remain submerged for extended periods without surfacing, thereby increasing stealth and operational endurance. Advanced sonar and sensor technologies improve detection and tracking of underwater and surface targets, enhancing situational awareness. The use of modern materials and construction techniques reduces acoustic signatures, making submarines harder to detect. Additionally, integrating unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) extends the reach of submarines for reconnaissance and mine-countermeasure missions without exposing the crew to danger. These technological advancements collectively contribute to a more formidable and adaptable underwater force.
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What role do submarines play in modern naval defence strategies?
Submarines are pivotal in modern naval defence strategies due to their stealth, endurance, and versatility. They serve as strategic deterrents, especially when equipped with nuclear capabilities, providing a credible threat that can dissuade potential adversaries. Attack submarines (SSNs) are essential for sea denial operations, capable of disrupting enemy shipping and protecting friendly naval assets. They also play crucial roles in intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions, gathering vital information without detection. Furthermore, submarines can deploy special forces covertly, conduct precision strikes with cruise missiles, and participate in anti-submarine warfare to counter enemy submarine threats. Their ability to operate undetected in contested environments makes them invaluable assets in achieving maritime superiority.
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How does the cost of submarine procurement impact naval budgets?
Submarine procurement represents a significant investment and can substantially impact naval budgets. The high costs are attributed to the complexity of design, advanced technologies, and the need for specialized materials to ensure stealth and durability. For instance, the UK's Dreadnought-class submarine programme has been a considerable financial undertaking, reflecting the substantial investment required for modern submarines. Beyond the initial acquisition, lifecycle costs, including maintenance, crew training, and eventual decommissioning, add to the financial considerations. Consequently, navies must carefully balance the need for advanced submarine capabilities with other defence priorities, ensuring that procurement plans align with available resources and strategic objectives.
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What are the current trends in the global submarine market?
The global submarine market is experiencing notable trends driven by evolving geopolitical dynamics and technological advancements. There's a marked increase in demand for both nuclear-powered and advanced conventional submarines, as nations seek to bolster their maritime defence capabilities. Countries like India, Brazil, and Indonesia are expanding their fleets, while European nations such as Poland and Norway are acquiring more submarines to counter regional threats. Technologically, there's a focus on enhancing stealth features, integrating unmanned systems, and developing new propulsion methods like fuel-cell-based AIP systems. Additionally, collaborations and strategic partnerships between nations and defence contractors are becoming more prevalent, aiming to share technological expertise and reduce development costs. These trends underscore the growing recognition of submarines as critical components of national defence strategies.